Magazines

toc =Magazines=



What are Magazines?
Wikipedia defines [|magazines] as "periodical publications [that] contain a variety of articles, generally financed by advertising, purchased by readers, or both" (2006). These publications are developed and distributed daily, weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly, or quarterly and specifically cater to groups of individuals that share similar interests and hobbies such as sports ([|Sports Illustrated]), cars ([|AutoWeek]), and film ([|Premiere]).

The History of Magazines

 * //Defoe//**

Interestingly, the first magazines were created during the 1700's are were limited to the educated few. They began as genteel (male-oriented) soapboxes where men were able to share their views in the form of essays or satire. Interestingly, magazines originally took the form of books and it was not until after World War II that they began to resemble the magazines we see today. The first English magazine was written by [|Daniel Defoe] (author of Robinson Crusoe) titled //The Review//. His objective was to provide his audience with his opinions and satire and thereby influence their tastes. Back then, magazines looked more like novels as they contained essays and government reports. Many magazines nowadays follow this similar format. Some include [|The New Republic], [|The Atlantic Monthly], [|Harper's], [|Weekly Standard], [|Salon], and [|Slate] (Kleiner, 2005).

Before the 1880s, only the upper class was able to read expensive magazines whereas lower class individuals focused their attention on weekly tabloids and newspapers. The elite were had the benefit of open access to the "small soft cover books, carrying stories" (Kleiner, 2005).

Impact of Photography
During the 1800s, magazine publishers hired photographers to take images and engravers to etch them. Editors and photographers worked together in order to implement priorities for utilizing text and pictures within magazines. [|Jacob Riis]'s photos in [|McClure's] signficantly impacted the rise of social realism of photography during the 1930s. The rising number of photographs mixed with an evolving style of documentaries and new technologies opened the idea of magazines to the advertising industry (Kleiner, 2005).


 * //January 1901 issue of McClure's Magazine//**

Influence of Advertising

 * //Luce//**

After the 1930s, advertising within magazines significantly increased. In fact, most of the successful designers of magazines were former advertising agents. Headlines, subheads, and formats were all adjusted in order to bring readers closer to the advertisements. The most influential magazine of the 1930s, [|Fortune], was created by [|Henry Robinson Luce]. He also was responsible for developing [|Time] with partner Britton Hadden during the 1920s. His focus on business magazines was specifically developed to appeal to "the aristocracy of our business civilization" and therefore hired the most highly respected photographers, authors, and artists including [|Dwight MacDonald], [|Rockwell Kent], [|Archibald MacLeish], [|Margaret Bourke-White], and Thomas Cleland (Kleiner, 2005). This magazine was one of the first magazines to print high-quality colour images. By the 1940s, high-quality inks became too expensive and by 1948, Fortune begant to resemble the look of every other magazine by incorporating limited content and a more conventional format.

There is a wide array of magazines distributed and sold, from teen magazines, to fashion magazines, to entertainment magazines. The endless amount of selection of magazines gives magazine ads alot of attention and exposure. Compared to other forms of advertising (e.g. television, large billboards), cost plays a factor and magazine ads are always going to be there, unlike TV, the target audience may only see it once. Studies have shown that when comparing to ads on TV, magazine ads are only slightly less effective. However it ususally cost double to air ads on TV so that "for every dollar spent, magazines delivered three time as much ad awareness as television. Studies have also shown that Internet has lurred teen away from magazine. Neverthless, people also find ads on Internet more interruptive so that they are less effective. Therefore in terms of both cost and effectiveness, magazine ads will better help us to reach our audience.
 * Medium of Expression**

**Teen Magazines**

 * Teen People
 * This magazine was had its initial launch during the early 1970s and served as a general-interest medium for expressing identity in a "mass-medium-dominated world" (Kleiner, 2005)
 * [|Cosmo Girl]
 * spin off of Cosmopolitan, targeted to a younger group of woman.
 * [|ELLE Girl]
 * [|YM (Young & Modern)]
 * [|Seventeen]
 * Teen
 * J-14
 * TeenBeat
 * Twist Magazine
 * BRAVO
 * Teen Vogue
 * Girls' Life Magazine
 * American Cheerleader

**Fashion Magazines**
worldwide publication, consider to be the most influential fashion magazine out there. Does not only focus on fashion and beauty, but also politics, cultural and social issues, as well as raising and addressing important ideas.
 * [|Vogue]
 * [|Elle]
 * [|Glamour Magazine]
 * Allure
 * Lucire
 * [|InStyle]
 * Fashion-Planet
 * [|Marie Claire]
 * Created as a weekly publication in 1937. It was the first magazine to be aimed at women and subsequently encouraged them to "own their autonomy, charm, and personal development" (Marie Clarie, 2006)
 * Mademoiselle
 * Cosmopolitan
 * Began as a family magazine in 1886, which held articles targeted to woman based on fashion, clothing, house decorating, cookies and caring for their children, with even a section for the children to look at. This idea did not take off, and within the next year Cosmo was sold. Cosmo experienced its biggest change in 1965 when it became strictly a woman's magazine. Known today for its sex tips as well as coverage for the newest fashion and style. (Wikipedia)
 * Flare
 * Self Magazine

**Business Magazines**

 * [|The Economist]
 * [|Fortune]
 * Most influencial magazine of the 1930s. Developed by Henry Luce.
 * Wired
 * Forbes
 * Entrepreneur

News Magazines

 * [|U.S. News and World Report]
 * [|Time]
 * Time magazine was the first weekly news magazine published in the United States. It was co-founded by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce in 1923 (Wikipedia, 2006)
 * [|Newsweek]
 * Second largest news magazine in all of the US (Wikipedia, 2006)

//**December 1942 issue of Woman's Day by John Clymer**//
 * Women's Magazines**
 * Curve
 * In Touch Weekly
 * Jane
 * Woman
 * Women's Health
 * Oprah
 * Shape
 * [|Woman's Day]

**Men's Magazines**

 * Men's Health
 * GQ (Gentlemans Quarterly)
 * [|Urban Male Magazine (UMM)]
 * [|Esquire]
 * [|Maxim]
 * FHM
 * Esquire
 * Stuff
 * [|Details]
 * Men's Journal

Gay Men's Lifestyle
>
 * [|Genre]
 * [|The Advocate]
 * [|Out]

**Decorating Magazines**

 * Style at Home
 * Martha Stewart Living
 * [|Elle Decor]
 * Good Homes
 * House Beautiful
 * Country Home
 * [|House & Garden]
 * New Old House
 * O at Home
 * Town and Country

**Health and Fitness Magazines**

 * Your Health Now
 * FLEX
 * Natural Health
 * [|Shape]
 * Total Health

**Online Magazines**
>
 * [|NewsTarget.com]
 * [|Reggaematic]

**Art Magazines**

 * Art in America
 * Antiques
 * American Style
 * Artist's Magazine

**Cooking Magazines**

 * Cookbook Digest
 * Vegetarian Times
 * Gourmet
 * Bon Appetit
 * Fine Cooking
 * Food and Drink

Photography Magazines

 * Outdoor Photographer
 * Photographic
 * PCPhoto
 * American Photo
 * Nufoto

Music Magazines
> >
 * [|RollingStone]
 * Rap and Hip Hip
 * [|Vibe Magazine]
 * "VIBE chronicles the celebrities, sounds, fashion, lifestyle, new media, and business born of urban music" (Vibe, 2005)
 * The Source
 * URB Magazine
 * [|XXL]
 * Punk/Emo/Indie Rock/Hardcore/Ska/Rock/Alternative
 * [|Alternative Press]
 * [|HARP Magazine]
 * Classical
 * [|BBC Music Magazine]
 * Funk
 * [|www.deepfunk.org]

Many magazines can fall into more than one category. For example, Men's Health can be categorized as either a Men's magazine or a Health magazine, so there is some overlap. Furthermore, many of the magazine titles listed can be located on the Internet and thereby can be categorized as online magazines. The difference is that online magazines originated online whereas other magazines were initially tangible and remain so, but so have an online version available for its viewers.

Ten top reasons to advertise in magazines

 * 1) Multiple studies have shown that when comparing to ads in other media, people are more likely to find magazine ads acceptable and enjoyable. People also find magazine ads less interruptive.
 * 2) The Northwestern University Magazine Reader Experience Study has found that advertising related experiences increased magazine usage. Others have found that when readers were asked to pull ten pages out of their favorite magaines that best demonstrate the essence, three out of the ten pages pulled were ads.
 * 3) According to studies from Affinity Research, half of readers took action on magazine ads or had a more favorable opinion about the advertiser.
 * 4) Multiple studies have demonstrated magazine ads improves return on investment (ROI) that allocating more money to magazines in the media mix improves marketing ROI.
 * 5) When comparing magazines, TV, and the Internet, studies have disscovered that magazine was the most powerful medium to advertise in increasing purchase intent. In a media mix that includes the three media, magazine contributes 64 percent of the total increase in purchase intent.
 * 6) With a range of titles that appeal to a wide variety of demographics, advertisers can targets their segments more efficiently.
 * 7) Another reason why magazines provide better way to reach the audience is evident in how the top 25 magazines outdeliver the top 25 shows. And heavy magazine readers are usually among the largest spenders.
 * 8) Magazines accumulate on an average 60 percent of its audience within a month. Moreover, people often refer to magazines from time to time, even saving them.
 * 9) Magazines influence influentials or opinion leaders, the one in ten people who everyone else usually turns to for making purchase decisions and recommendations.
 * 10) People usually believe and trust magazine ads more than ads in other media.

**Related Wiki Links:**
>
 * Fashion Magazines
 * Photography

**Resources**
"About Marie Claire." __Marie Claire__. 2006. 17 Nov. 2006 <[|http://magazines.ivillage.com/marieclaire/about/history/articles/0,13794,434743_441086,00.html>.]

__Daniel Defoe__. 12 Nov. 2006 <[|http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jdefoe.htm>.]

__Fashion Magazines__. 12 Nov. 2006 <[|http://http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/~esauls/fashionmags.html]>.

Kleiner, Art. "Forerunners." 24 Feb. 2005. 12 Nov. 2006 <[|http://www.well.com/~art/maghist02.html]>.

__MacTech Magazine__. 12 Nov. 2006 <[|http://www.mactech.com/adsales/reason_to_advertise.html>.]

"PPA Marketing". __Savvis, Inc__. 12 Nov. 2006 <[||http://www.ppamarketing.net/cgi-bin/go.pl/index.html]>.

__Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia__. "Newsweek." 28 Oct. 2006. 24 Nov. 2006 <[|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek>.]

__Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia__. 14 Nov. 2006. 14 Nov. 2006 <[|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)>].

__Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia__. 8 Nov. 2006. 12 Nov. 2006 [|.

__Vibe Magazine__. 11 May 2005. 22 Nov. 2006 <[|http://www.vibe.com/about/>.]

Images Sources
__McClure's__. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 17 Nov. 2006 .

__Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia__. 28 Oct. 2006. 24 Nov. 2006 <[|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woman%27s_Day>.]